Month: January 2026

The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the maturity of risk management systems. Scenarios of mass quarantines, logistics disruptions, and simultaneous disruptions in supply and demand existed in reports from the WHO, the World Bank, and insurance groups long before 2020. The problem wasn’t a lack of information, but rather a failure to recognize it as an operational risk. Companies planned for …

Neither the pandemic, nor the climate crisis, nor geopolitical conflicts are anymore viewed as “black swans.” Over the past five years, they have evolved into recurring, intersecting, and mutually reinforcing risk factors. Companies, states, and markets are confronted with a new reality: threats no longer exist in isolation. They overlap, accelerate, and impact multiple fronts simultaneously—supply chains, financial flows, human …